A thrombosis is a pathology, in which blood clots are formed in the blood vessels that impede blood circulation. This may be due to both damage to the vessel, and the violation of blood composition and the nature of the blood flow. The risk group includes not only the elderly, but also young, leading a low-active lifestyle and spending a lot of time in a sitting position, as well as smokers and those suffering from obesity.
As a result of thrombosis, trophic disorders of soft tissues and internal organs occur. In this case, the clinical symptoms of pathological processes appear, if broken from 10% of normal blood supply. If the thrombus obstructs blood flow in the lumen of the vessel by more than 90%, tissue hypoxia and cell death develop. In many ways, the symptoms of thrombosis depend on the location of the thrombus and the degree of vitality of the vessel.
Symptoms of portal vein thrombosis
The portal vein is a vessel through which blood flows from unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, pancreas, intestine, spleen) and enters the liver for purification. Thrombosis of this vein can develop at any site and in half of cases is a consequence of liver diseases. Symptoms of this condition are very diverse and can include:
- intense pain in the abdomen;
- bloating;
- constipation;
- vomiting "coffee grounds";
- the appearance of a black stool;
- an enlarged spleen, etc.
Symptoms of pulmonary artery thrombosis
Blockage of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus occurs due to its falling with the blood flow most often from large veins of the lower extremities or pelvis. The consequences of this are determined by the size and number of thrombi, the lung reaction, and the activity of the thrombolytic system of the body. If the thrombus, which has got into the pulmonary artery, has small dimensions, then there is no symptomatology. Large blood clots cause a violation of gas exchange in the lungs and hypoxia.
Possible symptoms of arterial thrombosis of the lungs are as follows:
- sudden pain in the heart;
- blanching and blueing of the skin;
- swelling of the veins of the neck;
- cough with discharge of blood;
- wheezing;
- loss of consciousness.
Symptoms of venous thrombosis of the foot
About 70% of all diagnosed thrombosis is associated with the damage to the vessels of the legs. The most dangerous in this case is a blocked thrombus of deep veins of the thigh and popliteal part. Thrombosis of the veins of the lower extremities in most cases appears suddenly, but its symptoms are rather weak, which is the cunning of this pathology. To suspect a pathology it is possible on such signs:
- swelling of the feet;
- painful sensations arising when the legs are bent at the ankle, and also localized along the inner surface of the thigh and foot;
- redness of the skin in some parts of the lower limbs;
- leg cramps.
In acute deep vein thrombosis, shortness of breath , fever, dizziness, loss of consciousness may occur.
Symptoms of thrombosis of the upper limbs
Vascular thrombosis of the upper extremities is rare, but it is also a very dangerous condition that can quickly lead to serious consequences. Symptoms of it in the beginning can be taken as an ordinary bruise:
- the appearance of puffiness;
- painful sensations in the area of the vascular lesion;
- blue skin.
Then there are such manifestations as a feeling of heat in the affected limb, its numbness, loss of skin sensitivity.
Symptoms of cerebral thrombosis
With a thrombosis of veins or arteries that approach the brain, a severe condition can develop - a stroke .
- loss of consciousness;
- Strong headache;
- dizziness;
- severe loss of vision or hearing;
- convulsions;
- nausea;
- vomiting, etc.