Adaptation of the person is the most important concept in the most different sciences, because the ability to adapt to the surrounding conditions is necessary in all spheres of life. Adaptation of a person in any environment is a complex process, which often exposes various kinds of changes to various systems of the human body. Let's consider different types of adaptation in more detail.
Mechanisms of adaptation
For the convenience of distinguishing adaptation processes, three types are distinguished: biological, social and ethnic adaptation.
- Biological adaptation of man. This adaptation of a person to the conditions of his environment, which arose by evolution. The peculiarities of adaptation of this kind is the modification of internal organs or the organism entirely to the conditions of the environment in which it appeared. This concept formed the basis for the development of criteria for health and disease - in this respect, health is a condition in which the body is maximally adapted to the environment. If the ability to adapt is reduced, and the period of adaptation is delayed, it is a disease. If the body is unable to adapt, it is about disadaptation.
- Social adaptation. Social psychological adaptation involves the adaptation of one or more people to a social environment that represents certain conditions that contribute to the realization of life goals. This includes adaptation to study and work, to various relationships with other people, to the cultural environment, to the conditions of entertainment and recreation. A person can adapt passively, without changing anything in his life, or actively, by changing the conditions of life (it is proved that this is a more successful path). In this respect, there can be a variety of problems of adaptation, from strained relations with the team to the unwillingness to learn or work in a certain environment.
- Ethnic adaptation. This is a subset of social adaptation, which includes the adaptation of individual ethnic groups to the environment of their resettlement areas, and it deals with both social and weather conditions. This is perhaps the most peculiar kind of adaptation that generates differences in linguistic-cultural, political, economic and other spheres. Allocate an adaptation associated with employment, when for example people from Kazakhstan come to work in Russia, and language and cultural adaptation, acculturation. The normal course of adaptation is often hampered by racist or nazi views of indigenous people and social discrimination.
- Psychological adaptation. Separately it is worth noting the psychological adaptation, which is now the most important social criterion, which makes it possible to assess the personality both in the sphere of relationships and in the sphere of professional solvency.
Depends on the psychological adaptation of many variable factors, which include both the characteristics of the character, and the social environment. Psychological adaptation also includes such an important aspect as the ability to switch from one social role to another, and adequately and justifiably. Otherwise, we have to talk about maladaptation and even problems in the mental health of a person.
Readiness for environmental changes and adequate psychic assessment are an indicator of a high level of adaptation that characterizes a person as ready for difficulties and capable of overcoming them. At the same time, the basis of adaptation is precisely humility, acceptance of the situation and the ability to draw conclusions, as well as the ability to change one's attitude toward a situation that can not be changed.