Diseases of the intestine - a very delicate topic, to discuss which people are embarrassed not only with loved ones, but even with a doctor. The appearance of symptoms, indicative of the development of intestinal diseases, is an occasion to undergo examination and treatment, appointed by a gastroenterologist.
Most diseases of the intestine are inflammatory, they can occur in both acute and chronic form. Let's consider in more detail
Diseases of the small intestine
In the small intestine passes most of the stages of digestion. For diseases of the small intestine are characterized by such symptoms as:
- pain syndrome (pain, as a rule, occurs about 1 hour after eating, is localized in the right hypochondrium or in the epigastric zone, but can give to the left hypochondrium or back);
- bitter taste in the mouth, heartburn, belching, nausea, a feeling of heaviness, vomiting is possible;
- whitish or grayish coating on the tongue;
- bloating, flatulence;
- loose stools;
- loss of appetite;
- deterioration of the general condition (weakness, tremor).
The specialist can prescribe a small intestine disease according to the patient's painful reaction to the palpation of the epigastric region.
Diseases of the large intestine
The large intestine continues the digestive system after the small intestine. This part of the gastrointestinal tract is most often affected by the following diseases:
- dysbiosis;
- colitis (ulcerative, ischemic, pseudomembranous);
- appendicitis ;
- Crohn's disease;
- bacterial and fungal infections.
Diseases of the colon are characterized by such signs as:
- sharp cramping pains mainly in the lower abdomen and painful sensations in the anus;
- flatulence, rumbling in the abdomen, excessive gassing;
- feces with an unpleasant putrefactive odor;
- disorders of the stool, manifested in the alternation of diarrhea and constipation;
- plaque on the tongue;
- metallic taste in the mouth;
- increased body temperature;
- nausea, vomiting;
- mucous, purulent or spotting from the anus;
- a feeling of general malaise.
Bowel obstruction
Especially dangerous symptom is the intestinal obstruction, which indicates the development of serious diseases. The impossibility of passage of fecal masses and the escape of gases adversely affects the general health of the patient. There are functional and mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction. Among the mechanical reasons:
- intestinal adhesions;
- volvulus;
- hernia;
- stones (bile and feces);
- benign and malignant neoplasms;
- ingress of foreign objects into the intestine, etc.
If the intestinal obstruction is associated with an oncology, then the patient has such signs:
- painful sensations in the anus, coccyx and waist;
- severe weight loss;
- lack of appetite;
- decreased immunity;
- hypovitaminosis.
Functional changes are associated with diseases:
- Hirschsprung's disease ;
- paralysis and others.
The main signs, by the presence of which we can assume the development of intestinal obstruction, are:
- a lean chair or even a lack thereof;
- swelling and changes in the shape of the abdomen;
- repeated vomiting;
- violation of cardiac activity;
- hepatic and renal insufficiency;
- loss of consciousness.
When squeezing the vessels, rapid development of bowel necrosis is possible.
Experts completely consider intestinal obstruction as the basis for urgent hospitalization of the patient, since life-threatening consequences, up to a lethal outcome, are quite probable. With many forms of intestinal obstruction, doctors categorically insist on immediate surgical intervention.