Formation and development of personality

Psychology distinguishes many approaches to the study of basic concepts, the laws of formation, development of the individual. It is also important to note here that the main differences are in understanding what exactly motivates the forces motivating to development, what is the influence of the surrounding world on the formation.

Each psychological theory carries in its own way valuable information about the formation and further development of the personality: Thus, the theory of traits asserts that everything is created in the period of all life activity, and personality traits are transformed according to non-biological laws.

Psychoanalytic teachings believe that development should be taken as an adaptation of the biological nature of each of us to interaction with the society, while developing ways to meet personal desires that are defined by the "super-I" (in other words, the moral guidelines of each person).

The theory of social learning sees in this application of a variety of methods of interaction between each person. Humanistic treats the formation and development of the personality as a process of becoming one's self.

Laws of formation and development of personality in modern psychology

Researchers from around the world are considering this issue from various angles. Strengthened the trend towards integrated, holistic personality analysis. This concept examines the stages of personal development from the point of view of interdependent transformations on each side. The main thing in the integrative concept is the psychological theory of Erickson.

The psychoanalyst adhered to the principle called epigenetic (in the life of every person there are certain stages, predetermined by genes, through which the personality passes from birth to the end). According to his teachings, personal formation undergoes a multistage process. Each stage is characterized by changes in the internal development of the world of the individual, his relationships with others.

Erickson made a huge contribution to the study of the factors of the formation and development of personality, having discovered, describing the main periods of crises and stages of development of individuality.

Life Crises

Erickson believed that the psychological life crises are encountered in the life of each of us:

1. The first year is a crisis of meeting the new world.
2. 2-3 years - the period of struggle of autonomy and shame.
3. 3-7 years - initiative fights with a sense of guilt.
4. 7-13 years - the opposition of the desire for work and inferiority complex.
5. 13-18 years - a clash of self-determination as an individual and personal gray.
6. 20 years - sociability, intimacy against internal isolation.
7. 30-60 years - the desire to educate the younger generation, and not to close in yourself.
8. More than 60 years - satisfaction, admiration for one's own life as opposed to dejection.

Stages of development and formation

1. The first stage (1 st year of life): there is a desire to communicate with people, or to exclusion from society with them.
2. The second stage (2-3 years): independence, self-confidence.
3. The third, the fourth (3-6 years and 7-13): curiosity, diligence, the desire to explore the world around, the development of both communicative and cognitive skills.
4. The fifth stage (13-20 years): sexual and life self-determination.
5. Sixth (20-50 years): satisfaction with reality, education of the future generation.
6. The seventh (50-60 years): full-fledged, creative life, pride in their own children.
7. The eighth (more than 60 years): the ability to accept thoughts about death, the analysis of personal achievements, the period of assessment of actions, decisions of the past.