The placental polyp is the placenta site, which is retained in the uterine cavity after incomplete removal of the fetal egg. Placental polyps may appear after delivery, after scraping or after medoborta. Also placental polyp can be formed after cesarean section. It is formed as a result of irrational management of the postpartum period or as a result of abnormal attachment of the placenta.
In this case, the surrounding mucous membrane of the uterus slows down the regeneration, and regular long-term bloody discharge occurs. Around the placental tissue, clots of blood and fibrin are localized. After a while this formation partially develops into a connective tissue. The placental polyp may have a thin stem or broad base.
Placental polyp during pregnancy itself can not arise.
Symptoms of the placental polyp
The main sign of the placental polyp is prolonged bloody discharge from the uterus. A woman can take them for a natural postpartum phenomenon. The same discharge can be after a miscarriage. But with this pathology bleeding lasts longer.
In the first days after childbirth or abortion, scant excretions are noted, but then they turn into abundant uterine bleeding , which sharply leads to severe anemia. This can occur between the fourth and fifth week after childbirth or abortion. As a complication, a secondary infection can join and develop endometritis.
Preliminary diagnosis can be made when a woman develops bleeding after the third week after delivery.
Treatment of the placental polyp
Treatment of the placental polyp after childbirth with its indisputable diagnosis should be active. If the lower part of the polyp is located in the cervical canal, the polyp is removed with a forceps (a surgical instrument whose working parts are in the form of grains). Then the scraping of the walls of the uterus body is performed. The same is done with excessive bleeding.
With moderate bloody discharge, when the diagnosis is made only presumably, the treatment is medicated. If such measures did not bring positive results, they make a scraping.
When a placental polyp during pregnancy is accompanied by a septic infection, during surgery there is a danger of generalization of the infection. In such cases, you must first eliminate the infection and only then remove the polyp. In this case, it is better to carry out the operation with a forceps to avoid sepsis.
After the placental polyp has been surgically removed, the diagnosis is confirmed by a histological examination of the scraping. This is also done to exclude the presence of chorionepithelioma . With existing indications, antibiotic therapy, anemia treatment is performed.
Placental polyp, if left untreated, can cause chronic infectious diseases and inflammatory processes.
Prevention of placental polyp during pregnancy
To prevent the occurrence of placental polyps, it is necessary first of all to avoid out-of-hospital abortions. After spontaneous or artificial abortions, the remains of the fetal egg from the uterine cavity are carefully removed. Proper management of the postpartum period: diligent examination of the afterbirth and conducting a manual examination of the uterine cavity, if there are doubts about the integrity of the placenta.