The nose is one of the most important organs performing a number of functions: protecting the respiratory tract from infectious agents and allergens, providing the body with oxygen, heating the inhaled air, perceiving odors, etc. These functions can be disrupted if polyps develop in the nose, which also cause other disorders in organism.
Polyps in the nose - causes
The polyp is a small rounded outgrowth in the nose, which may outwardly resemble a pea, a bunch of grapes or a mushroom. Formations are formed, which are benign, from the tissues of the mucous membrane. Often they are localized around the apertures of the trellis labyrinth or the maxillary sinuses on one or both sides. Depending on the size of the polyps, the degree of growth of the mucosa, the disease is divided into three stages:
- 1 - outgrowths cover a small part of the nasal space;
- 2 - nasal polyps occupy an essential part of the lumen of the nasal space;
- 3 - the airway is completely blocked due to polyps in the nose.
Polyposis of the nose develops according to mechanisms that have not been clarified until now. It is believed that the growth of the mucosa, mainly due to chronic inflammatory processes in the mucous tissues of the body, which in order to perform their functions in such conditions begin to increase its area. There are a number of predisposing factors to the development of pathology:
- frequent infectious and respiratory infections;
- chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
- allergic rhinitis;
- narrow nasal passages;
- curvature of the nasal septum;
- cystic fibrosis ;
- Yang's syndrome;
- failures in mechanisms of local immune defense;
- penetration of foreign bodies into the nasal cavity;
- trauma to the nose;
- hereditary predisposition;
- intolerance to aspirin.
Polyps in the nose - symptoms
In the beginning, the signs of polyps in the nose often remain unnoticed or ignored, as the disease does not bring significant discomfort at the first stage, the formations themselves are painless. Polyps in the nose can manifest themselves with such symptoms:
- difficulty breathing of various degrees, observed for a long time;
- impaired sense of smell;
- a runny nose with mucous membranes, sometimes - purulent secretions;
- itching in the nose;
- frequent sneezing;
- headache;
- snoring in a dream;
- change of voice (nasal).
Polyps in the nose - treatment without surgery
Polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses, depending on the stage of the process and the peculiarities of its course, can be treated surgically or conservatively. How to cure a polyp in the nose without surgery, the otolaryngologist will be able to tell after examining, carrying out the necessary studies, identifying possible provoking factors. It is often necessary to consult a surgeon, an allergist, an immunologist. Conservative therapy is aimed, first of all, at eliminating the cause of the appearance of formations, stopping this pathological process, preventing complications.
Those who are looking for ways how to get rid of polyps in the nose non-surgically, it is worthwhile to understand that completely eliminate the proliferation of mucous in the absence of surgical intervention is not easy. Conservative treatment can include the following main activities:
- elimination of the effect of allergens (elimination of contact with irritants);
- antiallergic drugs (Cetrin, Loratadin );
- antibiotic therapy for chronic infections in the nose and sinuses;
- reception of immunocorrecting agents of bacterial origin for the normalization of the functioning of the immune system (Ribomunil, Imudon);
- breathing exercises by the Buteyko method , Strelnikova to alleviate nasal breathing.
In addition, the method of drug-induced polypotomy is practiced - injection of high-dosage hormonal preparations directly into the polyps in the nose, as a result of which the build-up tissues die and are rejected. At the same time, one of the drugs used is Diprospan. Injections are done according to a certain scheme by a course of up to 3 procedures, after which, after a certain time, if necessary, the course is repeated. This method is considered safe for patients, because the injections do not have a systemic effect, but does not exclude the occurrence of relapses.
Spray from polyps in the nose
Many patients who have polyps in the nose, the treatment is prescribed using hormonal sprays and aerosols that affect the nasal mucosa. These are drugs such as Nazonex, Nasobek, Fliksonase, etc. At the same time, some experts believe that it is expedient to apply them only after removing the growths in order to prevent their repeated appearance or lengthening of the inter-recessive period.
Drops from polyps in the nose
Symptomatic cure for polyps in the nose, helping to remove puffiness, reduce mucus formation, facilitate breathing, - vasoconstrictive drops. The most popular drugs of this group are: Naphthyzine, Pharmazoline, Otrivin. Often, these funds are prescribed during rehabilitation after surgery to relieve the condition and prevent relapse.
If polyps in the sinuses of the nose have expanded, the use of saline solutions in the form of drops or sprays (No-salt, Aquamax, Aqualor) is effective. These drugs help to moisturize and purify mucous tissues from pathological detachable, pathogens, allergenic particles, dead cells. Thanks to the procedures, the normal functioning of the mucosa is restored, and new growths are prevented.
Polyposis of the nose - treatment with folk remedies
In the treasury of folk recipes, there are many ways how to treat polyps in the nose. Often folk remedies for polyps in the nose are drugs made on the basis of various medicinal plants. Patients who suffer from allergies should be cautious, using such techniques, and first conduct tests for allergic reactions. Consider a couple of recipes that, after consultation with the doctor, can be used in addition to the main therapy.
Recipe # 1
Ingredients:
- celandine - 1 bush, excavated with a root in May;
- water - 1-2 tablespoons.
Preparation and use:
- Fresh plant to wash and dry.
- Scroll through the meat grinder, squeeze the juice.
- Place the juice in a glass container and leave it for a week in a dark place.
- Dilute the fermented juice with water in a ratio of 1: 1.
- Bury every day 2 drops in each nostril for a week.
- Repeat the course by taking a ten-day break.
Recipe # 2
Ingredients:
- dried flowers and a stalk of a turn - 20 g;
- water - 2 cups.
Preparation and use:
- Pour raw materials with boiling water, set on a water bath.
- Remove from heat after 10 minutes.
- Cool, filter.
- Bury in the nasal passages of 5 drops twice a day for three weeks.
How to remove polyps in the nose?
Surgical methods of removal of polyps in the nose, used at the present time, are the most effective methods of treatment. They differ from each other by traumatic intervention, the duration of the recovery period, contraindications. In each individual case, the doctor will recommend which of the three main methods should be given preference:
- classical polypotomy;
- endoscopic operation;
- laser removal.
To remove polyps in the nose?
The decision on whether to treat nasal structures conservatively or through surgery is taken by the doctor, taking into account the peculiarities of the course of the disease. Removal of polyps in the nose is carried out according to the following indications:
- severe nasal congestion ;
- absence of smell;
- private asthma attacks;
- night apnea;
- bloody discharge with an unpleasant odor;
- deformation of the nasal septum .
Polyphotomy of the nose
A routine surgery to remove polyps in the nose can be performed under general or local anesthesia. Contraindications to intervention are: a violation of blood clotting, an acute period of infectious diseases, heart disease, bronchial asthma. Removal of the built-up edge is done by means of a special tool - the Lange hook. After surgery, slight bleeding is possible. The patient remains in the hospital for several days.
Removal of polyps in the nose with a laser
With the use of a laser, outgrowths in the nose in a person can be eliminated on an outpatient basis and with a minimal rehabilitation period. Before the procedure, local anesthesia is used. Due to laser exposure, the expanded tissues are bloodlessly removed with simultaneous sealing of the vessels and disinfection of the tissues. After this, the patient can return home, but for a few more days must be observed by the doctor. No laser treatment is prescribed for multiple polyps, obstructive bronchitis.
Endoscopic removal of polyps in the nose
This technique allows to destroy with the greatest accuracy even small and numerous growths, without affecting healthy tissues. The operation is performed by means of an endoscope with a camera and a shaver, a tool that allows cutting the polyp at the base and removing it from the nasal cavity. Often the removal of polyps in the nose by the shiver is performed under anesthesia, after which the patient is shown to be in the hospital for several days. It is impossible to carry out such an intervention in case of exacerbation of infections and allergies, serious heart diseases, hypertension.