What types of bleeding happen?
The classification of the problem under consideration depends on:
- causes that caused pathology;
- type of damaged blood vessel;
- characteristics of the outflow of biological fluid in relation to the external environment;
- time of bleeding;
- the nature of the pathology;
- severity of damage.
Each of the groups has subtypes. Let's consider in more detail
Types and causes of bleeding
By the factors that provoked the described symptom, the bleeding is of the following types:
1. Due to the destruction or ulceration of the vascular wall due to various pathological processes:
- peritonitis ;
- inflammation;
- tumor.
2. Due to mechanical damage to the vessel wall:
- cuts;
- scratch.
3. Due to a violation of the permeability of the vascular wall:
- sepsis;
- vasculitis;
- deficiency of vitamin C;
- scarlet fever.
Types of bleeding and their stopping depending on the type of damaged vessels
There are such types of bleeding:
- capillary;
- arterial;
- venous ;
- parenchymal.
The first type of bleeding is the least dangerous, since the rate of blood loss is minimal, very small vessels are damaged. Stop it easily by simply bandaging the bandage, applying a gauze or fabric bandage. Preliminarily it is desirable to disinfect the wound with antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, alcohol tinctures, Chlorhexidine).
Arterial bleeding is characterized by a very high rate of blood loss due to pulsation and high pressure in the vessels, it literally beats with a stream. The simplest and quickest way to stop it is to squeeze the artery with your finger above the site of its damage. Then it is recommended to apply a tourniquet or twist to this area.
With venous bleeding, the rate of loss of the biological fluid is lower than in arterial pathology, since there is no pulsation. In addition, the blood in the veins is much thicker. Stop such bleeding is to apply a pressure bandage of bandage, a clean kerchief or folded gauze. If the problem has arisen in the area of the hand, it is enough to raise your hand up. It is important to note that venous bleeding is dangerous not for the loss of biological fluid, but for the risk of sucking into the air vessel, which can get to the heart and provoke embolism.
Types of external and internal bleeding
These two types of the problem are classified in relation to the external environment.
External bleeding is easily determined, since the biological fluid is clearly visible visually. The internal type of pathology is of the following types:
- Clear, when the blood sooner or later comes out from the outside (vomiting with blood, melena.)
- Hidden. The biological fluid pours into the internal cavity and is not visible to the eye.
What are the types of bleeding by the time of origin and the nature of the effusion of the blood?
There are primary and secondary pathologies:
- In the first case, bleeding is observed immediately after receiving trauma or vascular damage.
- A secondary type of problem occurs after a while, for example, after surgery. Such bleeding can be early (4-5 hours) and late (after 4-5 days).
By the nature of effusions are acute (blood expires in large portions for a short period of time) and chronic (gradual release of fluid throughout
Types of bleeding and their signs, depending on the degree of severity
There are the following types of bleeding and their symptoms:
- Lung. There is a release of 500-700 ml of biological fluid.
- Average. Expires 1-1,4 liters of blood.
- Heavy (1.5-2 liters).
- Massive and most dangerous hemorrhage. There are more than 2 liters of liquid.