Speech in psychology has two main divisions - oral and internal speech . And the difference between the first and the second is not only that oral speech requires verbal expression.
Inner speech
Let's start with the inner kind of speech in psychology. Still Sechenov argued that the inner speech is not completely "dumb". Five-year-olds, when they think, they say. They seem to be talkative, precisely because chatter is necessary to accompany thinking. When a person wants to focus his attention on some thought, highlight it - he utters it in a whisper.
In addition, Sechenov cited himself as an example. He said that he thinks, not even by thoughts, but by the muscular movement of the tongue, the lips. When he thinks, with his mouth closed he continues to exercise his motor activity in language - although, it would seem, why.
But this form is different and its speech functions. He is incomplete and tolerates gaps in thinking . That is, a person speaks in a conversation with himself only that which requires a separate reflection, and that, of course, he misses. And, of course, internal speech is subject to the rules of grammar, although not as developed as oral speech.
Oral speech
Oral speech has its gradation. This is monologic, dialogical and written speech.
Monological - this is a kind of oratorical speech, used in the course of lectures, seminars, reports, reading poems. Its characteristic feature - a person for a long time expresses his thoughts in the manner prescribed by him in advance. That is, monologic speech has a well-thought-out, predictable character.
Dialogue speech requires the presence of two or more interlocutors. It is not as unfolded as monologic, because the interlocutors often understand each other from a half-word, based on the situation in question.
Written - this, oddly enough, is also oral speech. Only it requires a reader. Written speech is most accurately and fully stated, because the writer can not help himself in self-expression, facial expressions, gestures and intonation.