Many gardeners are growing in the countryside zucchini, planting and care in the open ground behind them are not particularly difficult. They are loved for their unpretentiousness in cultivation, elegant taste and dietary qualities. A universal product can be fried, stewed, canned. When growing and caring for vegetables, you need to take into account some of the nuances.
The best varieties of courgettes for open ground
The garden zucchini is a herbaceous culture, its whips with five-bladed leaf plates form a strong bush with a multitude of female and male coronals cross-pollinated. Fruits are obtained in all shades of olive color, straw, white or striped. Harvest ripen quickly and in considerable quantities. Work on future collection begins with the selection of seed material. It is necessary to know that zucchini are loved when growing, which varieties are best purchased for breeding in the suburban area. The most famous of them are:
- Early - White swan, Zebra, Anna, Zolotinka. They are valued for their high productivity and long fruiting. Variety Tsukesh is famous for its thin skin, refined taste. The bush is cold-resistant, has tubular fruit in the size of 50 sm with weight on 0,4-1 kg.
- Middle-ripened - Nephrite, Black handsome, Kuand. Most of all, the Macaroni hybrid is amazing - when cooking, the flesh turns into detached fibers, like spaghetti.
- Late-ripening - Tivoli, Nut, Long-fruited. The period of their completion is 3 months, they are acceptable for long-term storage and winter blockages.
- Particularly highlighted zucchini - Aeronaft, Zebra. They attract compactness of landings, the safety of collection.
Planting zucchini in the open ground
If desired, at the cottage get zucchini, planting and care in the open ground are produced by seedling or seeds. For breeding choose a sunny, sheltered from the wind place, better on the southern slopes. The more illumination, the higher the yield and the sooner the fruiting begins. To collect sturdy squash, planting and care are carried out on the site with any predmestnikami, except for pumpkin. The plant after them is not recommended to plant for about three years. The vegetable grows successfully on a humus-rich, fertile substrate with neutral parameters. Preparation of land:
- the platform is filled with manure from autumn, if necessary, lime if the soil is too acidic;
- In spring, 10-15 kg of plant compost, 50-60 g of superphosphate, a handful of wood ash are added per 1 m 2 .
Planting zucchini seedlings in the open ground
Using seedlings allows you to get more young vegetables and increase the yield. Principles of its cultivation:
- For planting, use a store neutral substrate or make a collection yourself, mixing 50% of peat, 20% of sod land, 20% of dry humus plus 10% of sawdust. To increase the acidity, you can mix wood ash or chalk. The mixture is decontaminated with a manganese solution.
- Seeds for one piece are put in peat baskets 10 cm across. They are deepened by 2 cm 20 days before rooting into the ground, covered with glass, leaving is carried out at a mode of + 20-22 ° C.
- Planting seeds for seedlings are planned for the first days of May.
- When pecking the shoots, the pots are moved to a cool place. The daytime temperature there should be within + 15-18 ° C, night - + 13-15 ° C. It is necessary that the seedlings do not stretch.
- Moisten as the coma dries out with warm water.
- The seedlings are fed with mineral mixtures: after 10 days after the emergence of young shoots, 5-7 g of superphosphate and 2-3 g of urea per 1 liter of water, consuming half a glass of stirrup per pot. It is allowed to apply infusion of liquid mullein 1:10 - 50 g per bush. After a week, make a mixture of 1 tsp nitrofoski per liter of water, using 1 glass per pot. Chlorine for melons and gourds is contraindicated.
- Seedlings zucchini in the open ground is placed with a lump of substrate, deepens to the cotyledons.
Planting zucchini in the soil with seeds
Rules for planting seeds:
- In the spring, the area is leveled, pits are made with a depth of 10 cm. They are put in a handful of humus and ash, mixing with the ground;
- sowing zucchini in the open ground perform as follows: 2-3 seeds are put in one pit, so that they are in a depression 5-7 cm;
- they are sprinkled with earth on top of them and mulched with dry grass;
- after germination the only strong sprout is left, others are transplanted or removed.
Is it necessary to soak zucchini before planting?
For rooting, the seed must be prepared. How to soak zucchini seeds before planting:
- leave for a day in a liter of heated water mixed with a handful of wood ash (or solutions of Zirkon , Epin);
- the second way: warm the seeds in the sun for 24 hours, then, after soaking 24 hours in warm water, wrap in wet cloth for 3-4 days (hold at + 22-24 ° C);
- as a result of such procedures, the seeds swell and the smallest sprouts are pecked on them.
Dates of planting zucchini in the open ground
The rooting of the shoots takes place one month after the germination of primary shoots - in late May - early June, when planting zucchini seedlings in the open ground is already safe. At this time there is no longer a threat of spring frosts and the soil on the site is well heated - up to 13 ° C deep into 8-10 cm, as required by agrotechnics. Seeds are planted in the same period (if this method of cultivation is chosen). To allow the fruit to be removed longer, they are sown several times with a break of 5-6 days. To protect yourself against the threat of cold weather, each bush can be covered with a plastic bottle.
Distance when zucchini is planted
The common planting of courgettes with seeds is carried out according to the traditional scheme: the distance between the rows on the site should be 1-1.5 m, and between the holes - about 1 m. That is, no more than 3 bushes should be placed on 1 m 2 of the site. This is necessary so that the whips and vegetables can develop freely, because a large plant with thick foliage grows out of zucchini seeds. Gaps in planting seedlings allowed to do a little more.
Courgettes - growing and care in the open ground
To get on the site of beautiful zucchini, cultivation and care should be in the methodical irrigation of the site, loosening beds, routine feeding of vegetables, fighting parasites. Competent cultivation favors the increase in fruit growth and the ripening of a weighty harvest. Zucchini - planting and care in the open field and the nuances of their cultivation:
- with the sizing of young shoots it is necessary to thin the plants;
- to lure pollinators, the bush is irrigated with a bolt from boric acid and sugar;
- when the flowering of the bush begins, and there are no insects on the site, it is necessary to manually help the plant to pollinate - to tear off one male flower (on which there is no ovary behind) and mark with a pestle 2-3 stamens in female rosettes;
- in the stage of 4-5 sheets, the bush is a bit hilly, this favors the formation of secondary roots;
- At the end of the season, ready-to-eat vegetables should be harvested on time.
How many zucchini open in the open ground?
Seeds of culture germinate quickly. The rules of agricultural technology give an unambiguous answer through how many zucchini open in the open ground:
- On the 5th day after planting, at + 15-16 ° C, the first shoots are visible;
- under conditions + 12-13 ° C, they will proklyutsya on the 7th day;
- fruit bush after 40-60 days after sowing, depending on the species.
What is the temperature of the zucchini in the open ground?
Conditions for growing courgettes include compliance with temperature conditions that range from + 18 ° C to + 25 ° C. The culture can withstand cooling to + 4-7 ° C, but for a short time. If the low temperature regime of the environment lasts a long time, fruit development stops and the bushes die. In the heat, the vegetable can dry, the ovary does not form.
How to water zucchini in the open ground?
Garden zucchini - drought-resistant, but planting and care in the open ground should be done with sufficient soil moisture. A long absence of rain and water negatively affects productivity. Watering zucchini in the open field:
- moisten the bushes in the evening with warm water;
- watering is necessary generous, regime - weekly in case of cloudy weather and once in 2-3 days, when it's hot;
- pour water under the roots, do not moisten the leaves. Ripening and lying on the ground vegetables can be put on a pedestal - a board, a piece of slate, so they do not rot;
- the humidification rate is 8-10 liters per m 2 , after the bush is mulched with grass;
- 10 days before harvesting, watering is suspended, so as not to degrade the quality of the fruit.
Care for zucchini - top dressing
To get on the site of stout zucchini, planting and care in the open ground suggest carrying out three additional fertilizing during the season. For this purpose, it is advisable to use the following schedule:
- Primary make-up. Produced in June before flowering, it is recommended 10 grams of ammonium nitrate, 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium preparations per 10 liters of water. Buckets are enough to make up 10 copies.
- Zucchini - second feeding and grooming. It is required at the time of flowering, the norm is 1 cup of ordinary wood ash per bucket of water. One bush is missing half a liter of solution.
- Third replenishment. Planned in the fruiting stage: in 10 liters of water, add half a liter of diluted mullein and 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski. The norm of the solution is liter per bush.
Care for zucchini in the open ground - pinching
Competent care of zucchini in the open ground involves pinching at the stiff varieties. At the beginning of budding, they cut off the main stem at a level of 1 m, leaving 3 large shoots 70 cm long with one vegetable on each. In bush species in pinching there is no need. But such a plant is photophilous, so you can not thicken the planting. For thinning at the stage of fruiting on the shoots, 1-3 large sheets in the middle zone of the whip are cut. This procedure will increase the ventilation and lighting of shoots and avoid the appearance of rot.
Zucchini in the country - diseases and pests
Sometimes zucchini, planting and careful care in the open ground behind which are produced correctly, can still fall ill or be attacked by parasites. They suffer from culture and harvest. Why are the zucchini leaves yellow in the open ground?
- Unbreakable shoots are affected by fungal, powdery mildew , which is manifested by red spots. The site must be treated with a 10% solution of Topsin fungicide.
- Uniform yellowing signals a lack of nitrogen. Then the bush should be fertilized with infusion of wood ash or nettle.
Against fungal diseases a week after planting, the soil is treated with a 1% solution of the Bordeaux mixture or copper chloride. Against the most common parasites (aphids, whiteflies) will help insecticide Carbofos, Commander. Slugs catch on baits: dark beer is poured into holes, when parasites crawl on a delicacy - they are removed. In autumn the site is deeply plowed and next year they plant a new culture.