Since the very first vine was laid, more than one millennium has passed. During this time, many varieties and hybrids with different degrees of resistance to various grape diseases have appeared, but they have not been completely overcome yet. About the main diseases of grapes and ways of dealing with them you can learn from our article.
Grape diseases - anthracnose
A widespread fungus in America, Europe and Asia, caused by Gloeosporium ampelophagum Sacc. This fungus is best felt in regions with a warm and humid climate, where in one season it is capable of giving about 30 generations of spores. Its viability is preserved for 5 years, hibernating on the vine and fallen leaves. There is anthracnose in the form of brown spots, surrounded by a white border on leaves, shoots and inflorescences. The spots on the shoots subsequently degenerate into ulcers, leading to the drying of the vine. Affected inflorescences also shrink without forming berries. Spring warming in combination with rainy weather provokes anthracnose damage to a young grape that can lead to a complete loss of harvest.
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Diseases of grapes - mildew
False mildew or mildew is the scourge of all vineyards, without exception, in all regions of its breeding. The degree of damage caused by mildew largely depends on the climatic conditions of the region - the higher the temperature and humidity, the more spread the disease will be. It arises as a result of the vital activity of the fungus Plasmopara viticola Berl. et Toni. Along with the present powdery mildew, mildew is the leader in the severity, damaging all the green organs of the grapes. The first sign of the defeat of grapes is the appearance on the leaves of oily stains of various sizes, with time passing into necrotic spots. The affected leaves of the grapes become light yellow, withering and dying with the course of the disease. Then mildew spreads on the inflorescences and clusters, which leads to their decay and death.
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Diseases of grapes - oidium
Along with mildew, the present powdery mildew or oidium, does great harm to vineyards around the world. The causative agent of the oidium is Uncinula necator Burril, caught in Europe from the North American continent. You can find out the disease by the presence on the vine of laggards in the growth of shoots, as if powdered at the end with gray dust. In early summer, this gray-white coating becomes noticeable on both sides of the leaves, and then the lesion passes to the inflorescences and bunches, which leads to their death. The provoking factor for the development of the disease is the thickening of the vine.
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Fighting grape diseases
To protect the vineyard from diseases use the following measures:
- Cultivation of resistant to diseases varieties and hybrids.
- Timely sanitary trim, with the subsequent destruction of all fungus-affected remnants.
- Regular treatment of grapes from diseases by various antifungal agents.
Grape treatment from diseases
Primary treatment of the vineyard from diseases occurs at a time when the young shoots are stretched by about 15-25 cm. Then the spraying is repeated before flowering and at a time when the berries have reached the size of a pea. The following preparations are used for spraying:
- Strobi;
- "Horus" ;
- Anthracol;
- "Acrobat";
- "Ridomil";
- Kuproksat;
- "Thanos";
- Bordeaux mixture.
Treatment should be carried out in warm and dry weather, without neglecting individual protective equipment. It should be remembered that most of the above fungicides are well compatible with many insecticides, which allows you to simultaneously provide the vineyard with double protection - both from fungi and pests.