If you have grown a fruit tree from a seed, then, most likely, you will get a hybrid with worse properties than its parents. And to preserve good varieties of fruit plants can be through vaccination. Let's look at how to properly plant fruit trees.
Types and rules of vaccination of fruit trees
Grafting is an inoculation with the eye. Oculization is used in those cases when it is necessary to obtain many seedlings of valuable varieties, and there is only a small number of cuttings. Okulirovku do with the beginning of active sap flow in the plant. A three-centimeter t-cut must be made on the stock. The eye is cut so that the kidney itself must have wood. The cut eye is inserted into the notch behind the bark, as in a pocket. Now the upper part of the eye is gently cut off flush with the bark. Place the oculation with a polyethylene film, leaving the kidney open. Part of the cuttings above the inoculation must be cut off, and this place should be covered with garden varnish .
Copulation "with a tongue" is used if the stock and graft are commensurable in size. To do this, we make oblique cuts on the root and cuttings. Approximately at the height of one third of the cut we make incisions, which then need to be inserted into each other. At the same time, at least on one side of the cut, the cambium of the stock and the cut should be combined. We leave only three buds on the cuttings. The connection is wrapped around the entire length of the film.
Inoculation per bark is used if the diameter of the cuttings of the scion is less than that of the rootstock. On the cuttings for insertion behind the bark, we make an oblique cut, and the upper part of it above the third kidney is cut off. The bark around the hemp is pruned and neatly separated from the wood. We insert the stalk behind the bark in such a way that its cut is directed to the stock of the rootstock. The grafts are tied with twine, and the cut on the stump is smeared with a lather.
Inoculation with a bridge helps when the fruit tree is damaged by rodents. For this, we need to take cuttings from winter hardy varieties longer than the cortical damages by about 6 cm. On the cuttings on both sides we make oblique cuts, and cut the edges of the damaged part of the tree and make cuts from above and above the wound. In these notches we insert the ends of the cuttings, and the cuttings should be adjacent to the wood with oblique cuts. Place the graft tightly tied with a film or twine, and on top of this put a layer of sacking with paper, which will prevent the germination of the kidneys on the bridges.