Lidocaine is a remedy for local anesthesia. This drug is used for conductive, terminal and infiltration anesthesia, and as a basis for antibiotics, for example lidocaine can be diluted with cefazolin. The preparation is manufactured in several dosage forms, but most often it is used in the form of a solution.
Indication and pharmacological action of lidocaine
Lidocaine for injection is sold in ampoules. It acts by inhibiting nerve conduction, blocking sodium channels in nerve endings and fibers, and is intended for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, instillation into a conjunctival sac or mucosal treatment.
Using lidocaine, you can anesthetize body parts for up to 75 minutes, and in combination with epinephrine anesthesia can last more than two hours. Lidocaine with local application dilates the vessels, but it does not irritate the effect.
For anesthesia, this medicine is used in surgery, dentistry, urology, ophthalmology, gynecology and otolaryngology. Mixing lidocaine and water for injection, you can do:
- terminal anesthesia of mucous membranes (eg, bronchoscopy );
- infiltration anesthesia during surgical operations;
- anesthesia of peripheral nerves (eg, with limb surgery);
- blockade of nerve plexuses (lumbar, shoulder, etc.);
- epidural and spinal anesthesia.
Dosage with lidocaine
Ampoules of lidocaine should only be used according to the instructions for use. The dosage of this drug is individual, but basically no more than 200 mg of a 2% solution is taken for conductive anesthesia, no more than 60 mg for anesthesia of the ears, nose and fingers - no more than 6 drops for instillation.
If anesthesia is necessary for a child, the total dosage should not exceed 3 mg of lidocaine per kilogram of the child's weight. If you need to enter large doses of the drug, before you prick necessarily take barbiturates.
How to build antibiotics with lidocaine?
Some drugs, even with mild forms of the disease, must be administered intramuscularly at home or in the hospital. These drugs include cefotaxime, and it must be diluted with lidocaine before it is administered. This is due to the fact that intramuscular injection of this drug causes severe pain. For the same purpose, lidocaine is used in the treatment of ceftriaxone . Water for injection is necessarily used in breeding, since antibiotics without it can partially lose their properties. Any medicines are diluted in the necessary human dosage immediately before administration.
Contraindications to the use of lidocaine
Before you dilute antibiotics or inject lidocaine, you need to test for sensitivity to the drug. Patients who develop edema or allergies are strictly forbidden to use the medication.
Lidocaine is also contraindicated when:
- atrioventricular block 2 and 3 degrees;
- arterial hypotension;
- heart failure of 2 and 3 degrees;
- cardiogenic shock;
- severe bradycardia;
- complete transverse cardiac block;
- myasthenia gravis;
- porphyria;
- pregnancy;
- expressed renal or hepatic pathologies;
- glaucoma;
- hypovolemia.
Lidocaine in ampoules is not desirable to be used together with phenytoin and rifampicin, as these drugs reduce its effectiveness. In addition, this analgesic should not be used with cimetidine, aymalin, verapamil, amiodarone and procainamide, since they increase the risk of side effects.