Waiting for the baby is a very exciting and joyful period of life. But sometimes it is marred by various complications in childbirth, pre- or postpartum period. Various changes in the state of health of the baby are commonly called perinatal pathology of newborns. In turn, this concept combines the antenatal and postnatal pathology - that is, the states that were formed in the womb or after birth, respectively. Such diseases are called congenital.
Congenital diseases
Congenital diseases are a large group of pathologies of newborns and children of older age, characterized by pathologies of development and functioning of organs and systems.
Various congenital diseases can make themselves known in different periods of a child's life: they can manifest themselves in the first minutes after birth or after years.
Most common diseases that occur soon after birth include most of the gene and genomic mutations:
- cat's scream syndrome;
- the Patau syndrome;
- phenylketonuria ;
- malformations of the cardiovascular system - especially the so-called "blue flaws", in which there is a discharge of blood from the big to the small circle of blood circulation with an overload of a small circle and the appearance of cyanosis.
Also, the developmental abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system are immediately noticeable: deformation of the skeleton and muscles, joints and ligamentous apparatus. Especially distinguished is a clubfoot, both congenital and due to dysplasia of the hip joints . Dysplasia in the first months of life is a frequent phenomenon, since the baby's bones are cartilaginous and very mobile, and the joints are not yet ready to perform all their functions.
From the pathology of internal organs, children often have congenital intestinal obstruction, usually associated with the immaturity of the intestinal muscular walls, and intussusception of the terminal section of the small intestine into the thick at the site of their transition: a part of the small intestine through the weak sphincter is pressed into the thick one and squeezed by the muscular ring of the sphincter , causing obstruction.
All congenital pathologies in children are diagnosed by neonatologists and are treated in specialized children's institutions, depending on the type of pathology and the timing of its detection.