In late summer or early autumn, colorful pots with chrysanthemums appear in flower shops and outlets. Many mistakenly think that these are annuals, which in winter can be taken out in garbage. However, these bushes with proper care will be blooming for more than a year.
Indoor chrysanthemums - species
Among this riot of colors, at first you will not understand that all the pots are different from each other: the size and shape of the buds, the leaves and the type of crown. There are four types, among which the indoor chrysanthemum flowers are divided into:
- Chinese chrysanthemum room , belonging to hybrids with simple large double flowers, the plant is tall and grows up to 130 cm;
- came from the Canary Islands to us a shrubby species , it grows up to a meter in height, in warm regions can be grown in the open ground;
- the record holder in terms of quantity in our markets is an Indian kind , since he feels himself on the windowsills and balconies better than the rest;
- Bright balls - representatives of the Korean species , they are in great demand.
How to care for a room chrysanthemum?
Correctness of care is the pledge of flowering bush. It begins with the first days after the purchase and continues even after flowering. Sometimes there is an opinion that caring for a room chrysanthemum is complicated and there is no guarantee of flowering for the next season. However, in many ways the flower growers are to blame for themselves, because they are trying to care for the chrysanthemum as well as for the usual green plants on the windowsill.
Ground for chrysanthemum
The land for chrysanthemum room is not something complicated or rare on sale. Perfect for the flowering indoor plants, it is universal for all types of chrysanthemums. It is important to feed the plant for good growth and flowering. He loves chrysanthemum chicken manure as a fertilizing, adding it must be dosed, otherwise the soil will be too acidic. For the safety of plants, the ground is always pierced in the oven. If the task is to get the maximum result, you can mix the ingredients yourself:
- two parts of the turf ground;
- part of deciduous;
- part of humus;
- part of the sand, but with a large grain.
Pot for room chrysanthemum
To look for a new pot for your green pet is only possible for the next season:
- A successful solution for a small bush is a ceramic or clay pot. The easiest way is to cultivate and care for indoor chrysanthemums in laconic pots, the design under the country style is the optimal solution, great blossoming balls in white pots look good.
- Each subsequent pot should not be much larger than the old one, but the soil during transplantation needs to be changed completely.
- The root system of the flower is superficial, therefore high narrow pots will not suit it. But flat low bowls are bypassed, because the plant needs good drainage .
How to care for a room chrysanthemum after purchase?
Any living creature after a change of place needs time for adaptation and addiction. On the other hand - such plants in stores are specially processed, and the soil in the pot will be transporting. You can save a flower, for this there are quite simple recommendations, caring for a room chrysanthemum after a purchase is as follows:
- Two, or even three weeks, a new inhabitant of the window sill is in a warm and bright place. Room chrysanthemum only gets used, it does not need to be bothered: watering, sprinkling or feeding fertilizers is not yet possible.
- The most difficult thing is to give the plant a rest and rid it of buds. This means to cut off all the flowers or wait until they bloom, and remove the unnecessary ones. Flowering takes a lot of effort, it will complicate the adaptation and reduce the likelihood of repeated budding.
- When there is not a single flower left on the bush, you can begin the transplant. First, we examine the roots and remove all rotten or obviously diseased parts of the root system. Places of slices are treated with crushed coal, then the bush is transferred to a new soil, but the size of the vase does not change.
Indoor chrysanthemum - flowering
We acquire flowering bushes so that the bright colors of the buds decorate the windowsill. However, making a bush bloom is not so easy. Often this is the result of improper care. It also happens that the bush of room chrysanthemum should be helped to flower, home care should be corrected:
- blossom plant will only be at a temperature above 18 ° C, the bush is badly felt in extreme heat;
- the flowering period will prolong the correct watering, when it turns out to withstand the balance and not allow the soil to dry out, in the morning and in the evening do not forget about spraying with water;
- we can not fertilize the soil before or after flowering, we feed the chrysanthemum room only after the appearance of bud opening - poor soil and little feeding is a frequent reason for the absence of flowering;
- Beneficial to the emergence of buds affect potassium and phosphorus fertilizers;
- if you do not pinch shoots on time, the bush will stand green and lush, but without buds (you can not fix the situation, so you can not forget about the formation of shoots);
- When the light day is less than seven hours, the plant does not have enough strength for flowering, it is important to provide enough light and heat.
Room chrysanthemum - care after flowering
The rest period is an obligatory condition for the further vital activity of any plant. But it is not enough to cut off the buds that have been discolored, the competent winter will help prolong the life of the flower. When your room chrysanthemum has faded, there are four possible solutions for what to do next:
- We hibernate on the insulated balcony or in the entrance. After flowering, shoots are cut off, leaving no more than 15 cm from the ground. Next, put the pot with the plant in the lighted place, where the temperature will fluctuate within 3-8 ° C. You can water, but once a month and not abundantly.
- Quite well winter will be chrysanthemum and on the windowsill of the house. In this case, pruning after flowering will be minimal. We pour in the same regime as in the vegetation period.
- You can include a pot in the basement. Pruning will be the same as when storing in the entrance. The soil is well watered to make it moist. Next, send the pot to the basement.
- Some varieties feel great after flowering in the open ground. Stems cut to 10 cm and sprinkled with dry peat, suitable fallen leaves or soil from the garden. Top cover with polyethylene, special covering materials.
How to multiply a room chrysanthemum?
When your chrysanthemum has grown stronger and has given young shoots, it can be propagated. There are several ways in which the chrysanthemum room reproduces:
- After wintering, the plant begins to grow and actively gives new shoots. At that moment young animals are taken from the mother's bush. Up to six seedlings are obtained by budding. About a year later the young plants begin to blossom.
- Cutting is a universal method for many plant species. However, for indoor chrysanthemum, this option is less effective than the previous one. Choose powerful stems, then shorten them to 12 cm and send them to germination in a moist substrate, cover with a film and put in a bright place, regularly air and water the soil.
- Patient and passionate flower growers are suitable seed method. Collected or purchased seeds are scattered on the ground and slightly tarnished with river sand. From the spray sprayed planting and covered with polyethylene. In two weeks you can expect seedlings. Regularly aired and watered, after the appearance of the fourth leaf can be seated.
Transplantation of a room chrysanthemum
Young plants need a new vase every season. Adult plants feel quite comfortable in one vase for two years in a row. Before transplanting a room chrysanthemum, you should prepare it. The soil is completely replaced, but we keep the recipe for its composition. Each subsequent vase should be one and a half liters larger, and a couple of centimeters wider. The algorithm of action is no different from the planting of young plants: we do not forget about the layer of drainage, we compact the soil at the roots a little.
How to trim a room chrysanthemum?
In addition to pruning after flowering, pruning is used to form a bush. In the question of how to take care of the room chrysanthemums in a pot, this point is not the last:
- the beginning of the pruning for formation falls on the fifteenth day after planting the plant in the pot;
- from the stem length of about 12 cm cut a piece with several sheets;
- further nitrogen fertilizing begins;
- in two weeks you can find new shoots in the sinuses.
How to water a room chrysanthemum?
One of the difficulties for the gardener is watering the room chrysanthemum. Here you have to constantly maintain a balance between wet and wet soil. The classical solution with a saucer or a tray with water will not do, it will lead to rotting of the roots. Varieties that can be grown in a pot were originally garden ones - we do not neglect sprinkling, we only carry out the procedure in the morning.
Diseases of the room chrysanthemum
Among fungal diseases, it is often possible to call verticillium wilt. This is one of the reasons why leaves dry the chrysanthemum room. Of these fungal diseases, rust and powdery mildew are afraid, gray rot and septoriosis are no less problematic. Among the viral diseases threatened by chrysanthemum aspermia, dwarfism, ring spot and mosaic.