Bite is the ratio of the dentition with closed jaws. With the right (physiological) bite, the upper teeth cover the lower ones by about a third. In this case, all upper teeth contact with the same lower teeth, and there are no gaps in the rows of teeth.
Deep occlusion pathogenesis
Most often, such an anomaly is inherited from parents. In addition, an incorrect form of bite may occur during intrauterine development due to the following factors:
- pathology of pregnancy;
- metabolic diseases, mother's viral infections;
- intrauterine infection of the fetus.
After birth, a deep bite can form for the following reasons:
- diseases of the respiratory system, endocrine system, pathology of ENT organs;
- malnutrition, lack of vitamins and trace elements;
- disorders of the musculoskeletal system (violation of posture, skeletal disease);
- Diseases and disorders of the dentoalveolar system (frequent caries, loss of teeth, violation of eruption, abnormalities of the frenum of lips and tongue);
- prolonged sucking of nipples, fingers, etc.
Effects
A deep bite has serious consequences:
- trauma to the palatal parts of the mucosa;
- loosening of the front teeth;
- rapid erasing of enamel;
- damage to the gums;
- violation of chewing function and speech;
- diseases of the digestive system.
Deep distal bite, when the upper jaw is developed much more than the lower one (the upper front teeth are too extended in relation to the lower ones), leads to a violation of breathing. As a consequence - chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, nasopharynx. External manifestation of deep bite - shortening of the lower part of the face, ugly position of the lips, thickening of the lower lip.
Deep occlusion treatment
When correcting a deep occlusion, the age of the patient, the clinic and the causes of the anomaly are taken into account. Of course, the most effective correction of deep occlusion is performed during the eruption of dairy or permanent teeth (temporary and replaceable bite).
Consider how to treat a deep bite in the period of milk teeth (temporary):
- introduction of more solid food into the diet;
- excommunication from bad habits (sucking fingers, biting lips, objects);
- timely treatment of teeth from caries;
- surgical intervention in case of an incorrect frenum of the tongue.
At the age of 6 to 12 years, an active orthodontic treatment is already required. For this purpose special constructions are used - vestibular plates, trainers, kapy. The action of these devices is based on the direction of the efforts of the masticatory muscles on individual teeth.
In parallel, a set of exercises for the development of the right direction of the jaw is prescribed.
How to fix a deep bite during a permanent bite (from 12 years), determines the orthodontist depending on the severity of the pathology. In the most severe cases,
But most often the problem of deep bite is solved with the help of braces. For this, a ligual braces system can be used, which is located on the inner surface of the teeth. Braces increase bite, dividing the dentition. Braces are also modeled for chewing teeth with overlapping of all or part of the occlusal (chewing) surface.
Unlike the correction of deep bite by external braces, the lingual system does not require palatine apparatus. The term of treatment is about 2-3 years.