Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, which often acts as a complication of the common cold, flu or ARVI. His treatment is rarely dispensed with without antibacterial agents, to which the bacteria that caused inflammation are sensitive.
However, the pharmaceutical market is large today, and a wide range of antibacterial products come on sale, which may prove ineffective against bronchitis. Therefore, further we will consider antibiotics of a new generation in bronchitis, and also pay attention to the old, which are sometimes no less effective.
List of antibiotics for bronchitis
Before choosing an antibiotic, you need to decide which groups exist. In pharmaceutics, all antibacterial drugs are divided into several categories:
- beta-lactam; This includes penicillins and cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems.
- macrolides;
- aminoglycosides;
- rifamycins;
- glycopeptides;
- ristomycins;
- polymyxins;
- gramicidin;
- polyene antibiotics.
All these categories of antibiotics contain subgroups. They are divided according to the principle of exposure to bacteria, as well as the effectiveness of destruction of each of their species.
The principle of antibiotics:
- Antibiotics that inhibit the development of bacteria, so that the body can cope with the disease itself: carbapenems, ristomycin, penicillin, monobactams, cephalosporins, cycloserine.
- Antibiotics that destroy the structure of bacterial membranes: polyene antibiotics, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, polymyxins.
- Antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of RNA (at the level of RNA polymerase): a group of rifamycins.
- Antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of RNA (at the level of ribosomes): macrolides, tetracyclines, linkomycins, levomycetin.
Treatment of tracheitis and bronchitis with antibiotics
If bronchitis is complicated by tracheitis, which is always caused by either staphylococci or streptococci (in very rare cases - by other bacteria), then a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used. For example, Flemoxin soluteba is used in treatment if samples for bacteria have not been taken, and doctors can not exactly tell which ones caused the disease. This antibiotic refers to the penicillin series and destroys both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
If tracheitis and bronchitis are caused by a viral infection, then antibiotics are not used: in this case, they are not only ineffective, but also harmful, since they suppress immunity, and this prolongs the time of illness.
Antibiotics for pneumonia and bronchitis
The combination of bronchitis with pneumonia is a complicated case, and this requires appropriate treatment. Antibiotics based on levofloxacin may be effective here. This new generation, which at a small dosage has a significant effect in the fight against infectious diseases of moderate severity. In pneumonia it is used for 7-14 days for 1 or 2 tablets (depending on the severity), taking into account that 1 tablet contains 250 g of substance.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis with antibiotics
Treatment of chronic bronchitis depends on whether it has complications. For example, with uncomplicated bronchitis, aminopenicillins and tetracyclines are prescribed. Tetracyclines are not assigned to children.
In chronic bronchitis with complications, macrolides and cephalosporins are prescribed.
Macrolides of the first generation are represented by erythromycin and oleandomycin, and the third - by azithromycin.
Cephalosporins of the first generation include cephalosin, and the latter for today - cefepime.
Injections of antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed if the treatment is stationary. They are more effective because they are quickly absorbed into the blood. The choice of antibiotic injection, as a rule, depends on the bacterium of the pathogen, but if it is unknown, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used: ampicillin or ceftriaxone. Treatment lasts for at least 7 days.