Induction is a very broad scientific term. If we look directly at the term induction in philosophy, then it can be characterized as a method of inference, which occurs from the particular to the general. Inductive reasoning connects events and their result, using not only the laws of logic, but also some actual representations. The most objective basis for the existence of this method is the universal connection of phenomena in nature.
For the first time, Socrates said about induction, and despite the fact that the ancient meaning has little similarity with the modern, the period of its appearance is considered 400 years before our era.
The method of induction presupposes finding a general definition of the concept by means of a comparison of particular cases with the exception of false or too narrow in definition definitions. Another famous thinker of antiquity Aristotle defined induction as an ascension from honest understanding to the general.
Bacon's induction theory
In the Renaissance, views on this method began to change. He was recommended as a natural and positive method as opposed to the popular at the time syllogistic method. Francis Bacon, has traditionally been considered the ancestor of the modern theory of induction, despite the fact that it will not be superfluous to mention his predecessor, the famous Leonardo da Vinci. The essence of Bacon's views on induction was what to generalize, it is necessary to adhere to all the rules.
How to develop induction?
It is necessary to make three reviews of the manifestation of any specific properties of various objects.
- Review of positive cases.
- Review of negative cases.
- Review of those cases in which these properties manifested themselves in different degrees.
And only then can you generalize as such.
Mental induction
This term can be deciphered as - suggestion by one person to another of their worldview positions, which include value orientations, aspirations, beliefs. Moreover, the imposed worldview can be either completely normal or psychopathological.
The method of motivational induction is a method founded by the famous Belgian psychologist Joseph Nutten. It takes place in several stages.
- At the first stage, through the completion of unfinished proposals, the main levers of personal motivation are identified.
- At the second stage, the person is invited to arrange all the motivational components on the timeline.
Nutten also identified the main categories of motivational components to which he referred:
- representation of the person about himself or the personality aspect of the subject;
- personal development;
- activities aimed at obtaining the desired result, or in other words, professional activity;
- social communications;
- cognitive activity;
- religious components:
- acquisition of property;
- ways of leisure, games.
The problem of induction from the philosophical point of view was developed in the middle of the XVIII century. She was associated with such famous personalities as David Hume and Thomas Hobbes, it was they who questioned the truth of this method. Their main idea was that - whether on the basis of the results of a set of previous events, it is possible to judge the results of an event that will occur in the future. An example of this can serve as a statement - all people are kind, because previously we met only such. Accepting the method of induction as a true way of thinking or not, this is a private matter for everyone, but given this long period of existence, you have to admit that there is a grain of truth in it.