One of the most common pathological defects in proctological practice is a rectal fissure. As a rule, it occurs either because of mechanical damage and ruptures, or against the background of the inflammatory process of the digestive tract. Sometimes there is a combination of both.
Symptoms of a crack in the rectum and hemorrhoids
Often, clinical manifestations of the disease in question exacerbate its course, and swelling of the hemorrhoids joins. Main features:
- severe pain in the anus, especially when urinating for defecation;
- constipation or difficulty with bowel movement (because of this symptom, hemorrhoids develop);
- bleeding during or after bowel movement;
- outflow of pus from the anus.
If the crack is diagnosed in an acute form, these symptoms are clearly expressed, whereas the chronic type of the disease is rarely accompanied by tangible manifestations, the pain occurs rarely and lasts no longer than 15-20 minutes.
Due to constipation and swelling of the hemorrhoids, in the course of time there is the appearance of cone-like formations near the anus.
How to treat a rectal fissure?
The primary goals of therapy of the described pathology is the elimination of painful symptoms and normalization of the stool.
The most effective method for treating a rectal fissure is a candle. They contain painkillers, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory components. In addition, this form of medication facilitates the emptying of the intestine due to the fat base of vegetable or animal origin. Also appointed are:
- microclysters;
- antispasmodics in tablets and capsules;
- acceptance of warm baths;
- Wash with water instead of using toilet paper.
The most effective candles with cracks in the rectum:
- Salofalk;
- Ultra-draft;
- Natalside;
- Posterizan;
- Proctosan;
- Relief;
- candles with sea buckthorn or propolis.
It is worth noting that compliance with the diet is a very important part of the treatment. The patient is advised to prefer sour-milk products, vegetable food and foods rich in fiber. At the same time, it is necessary to limit food irritating the mucous membranes of the intestinal wall:
- sharp;
- salty;
- smoked;
- roast;
- fatty.
It is important to remember that a crack is always a consequence of some disease of the digestive tract, if the cause is not mechanical damage. Therefore, in parallel with the above-described therapy, it is necessary to treat the disease that provoked this problem.
Operation for a rectal crack
With ineffectiveness of medical methods and a conservative approach, surgical intervention is indicated.
The classical variant of the operation is performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, the doctor cuts off the edges of the crack and sews up parts of the sphincter. The recovery period implies observation in
Modern methods:
- Laser coagulation - cauterization of a crack with a particle beam. After the operation, a scar is formed, which itself is rejected by the body after the healing of the mucous membranes.
- Cryodestruction is a surgical intervention using liquid nitrogen. The procedure ensures a quick and practically painless soldering of the edges of the crack.
Both types of minimally invasive operations are performed using local anesthesia, after which the patient can freely go home for rehabilitation.
During the recovery period, it is important to maintain a sparing diet, so that the stool masses are loose texture, and emptying is made as easily as possible.