People began to be interested in everything related to the doctrine of leadership in the early 20th century. The scientists tried to find out what qualities should be developed to be able to influence many people and whether it is possible to acquire the necessary skills for this. Therefore, theories of leadership were created. Let's look at their most popular destinations.
Theories of leadership in psychology
- The theory of the great man . Supposes that the leader can only be born. Even if you want to develop the necessary qualities, it becomes impossible to become such a person. In this theory, the great leader is portrayed as a real hero, a kind of mythical character who is destined to be the leader, lead the crowds.
- Theory of characteristic features . Very similar to the previous one. Leadership and certain traits of character are inherited. True, the theory has a significant drawback - it is believed that due to circumstances, individual characteristics, not every person with such genes will become a leader.
- Situational theory of leadership . For a dominant individual there is no definite strategy of behavior. In different situations, he can manifest himself in different ways. It depends on the style of leadership, the characteristics of followers and other situations. After all, for the latter one should use a certain style of leadership.
- Behavioral theory . It is based on the belief that leadership can only be learned. The theory relies on the actions of people, rather than on their innate inclinations, so anyone can develop leadership through practice and training.
- Control Theory . It is based on the relationship between leaders and their followers. The participants are united by mutual benefit, that is, the leader offers a valuable reward in exchange for the recognition of his power.
- Transformation theory . It is based on internal motivation and a real commitment to the leader's ideas. This theory assumes that the leader is someone who is able to think widely and act in the right direction.
- The theory of charismatic leadership . Its foundation is the conviction that a leader can influence other people through personal attractiveness, which is expressed in full confidence of one's own judgments, responsibilities, etc.
Types of leaders
- The King . The image of a strict but revered father, who knows how to inspire people with self-confidence, while displacing all negative emotions. Such a leader is honored and nominated by his candidacy on the basis of love, sympathy.
- Leader . The person who is trying to imitate in the group. It sees a certain standard, an ideal, to which one should strive.
- Tyrant . Today it is rare. Such a person becomes a leader, because he inspires others with a feeling of fear and obedience. This is the dominant personality,
which are afraid and obediently obey. - The organizer . He is able to unite people and lead them to a common goal. It plays the role of support for the rest of the group.
- The Seducer . A skilled manipulator. A person who knows how to play on the weaknesses of others, gives an outlet to depressed emotions, relieves tension and prevents conflicts . He is loved very much, often without noticing any shortcomings.
- The hero . Sacrifices himself for the sake of other people. As a rule, his behavior is manifested in actions of mass protest. Surrounding see his courage and as a result follow him.
It is worth noting that theories and types of leadership continue to be explored. Psychological theory of leadership allows you to determine the most effective models for developing the qualities of a leader. Modern approaches to effective leadership include the development of charisma, transformational leadership and self-learning.