Onions are grown on each vegetable garden, because it is used in almost all dishes. Therefore, if you want to plant it, then you just need to know in advance what difficulties you will have to face in this case and how to get rid of them or even avoid them. In this article, we will look at how diseases and pests are affected by onions ( onions , leeks, batoon and others), and how to cure it when infected.
Diseases of onions and their treatment
Peronosporoz
The most common diseases of onions are peronosporosis (downy mildew).
- Symptoms: the appearance of light spots and greyish plaque on the stems and leaves of the plant, which then become black.
- Treatment: you can sprinkle with copper sulfate, copper chloride, Bordeaux liquid or HOM, but then you can not eat it. It is best to dig out the infected plants and plant others on a new piece of land.
- Prevention: The best way to prevent this disease is by heating the onion (seed or sowing) at a temperature of at least + 40 ° C, and avoiding thickening of the plantings, carrying out their dusting with wood ash and completely destroying plant remains after harvesting.
This disease can catch even a long-term onion - a bat-bone, known for its resistance to various diseases.
Mosaic
This virus disease manifests itself when growing onions . As a result of infection, yellow bands appear on the leaves, and they themselves become flat, the plant develops very poorly or even dies.
You can not cure mosaic, you can only prevent this disease. The peddlers of this virus are mites and aphids, so preventive measures are spraying with insecticides that kill these insects.
Rot of the bottom (fusariosis)
To define this disease it is possible on the yellowed and dried ends of leaves, rotting of roots and a soft bulb of the bulb. To prevent it, you should use a healthy planting material, and also properly trim the bulbs after harvesting and adhere to all storage rules.
In addition to the listed diseases, onions are also found:
- cervical rot;
- black mold;
- bacteriosis (bacterial decay);
- rust.
Pests that are dangerous for onions
Among the insects, causing great harm to the harvest of onions, especially the onion fly, onion moth and stem nematode.
- Onion fly - after the defeat of these insects, drying of the tips of the leaves and decay of the bulb occurs. Especially it is dangerous for onions. If you find traces of her stay in the bed, you should pour them with a solution of table salt (250 grams per 10 liters of water) or sprinkle with tobacco dust or pepper. To frighten off her, you can put around the onion of tobacco or carrots.
- Onion moth - it is more affected by the varieties of onions grown for use as greens (leeks, brass, shallots), since its larvae eat out the juicy interior of the feathers. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to sprinkle beds with dust and tobacco dust once a week or water them with solutions. It is also necessary to change the landing site, feed fertilizers,
carry out digging of soil and completely destroy the remains of planting in autumn. - The stem nematode is a pest living in the ground. To avoid contamination with it, the planting material should be treated: warm for 12 hours at a temperature of about 50 ° C or soak in salt water for 48 hours. It is also necessary to comply with crop rotation, regularly liming the soil of the site and harvesting the remains of vegetable crops from the beds.
Knowing with what, and most importantly, how to fight when growing onions, you can get a good harvest.