Communication is the exchange of information, feelings, emotions between individuals, groups of people, one person with a certain community. Modern psychologists subdivide intercultural communication into three main types - verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal. Each of the species is determined by a combination of different ways, techniques and styles.
Features of verbal communication
Verbal communication is the most universal, accessible and common type of communication . In fact, this type of communication involves the transfer of one or another information from one person to another through speech and an adequate perception of it by the other party.
Verbal communication includes oral and written speech, which is carried out through a sign system - language and writing. That network, any information that is broadcast with the help of speech and is perceived through hearing, is presented as a text message and understood through reading, refers to the types of verbal communication.
Language and writing are the main verbal means of communication. The main functions of the language are:
- communicative - this is directly a method of communication between people in a broad sense;
- constructive - the possibility of a clear formulation of a certain thought in the message phrase;
- Appeal - means of persuasion and influence on the addressee;
- Fatic - the method of establishing contact through compliance with certain rules (etiquette);
- emotionally-expressive - a way of expressing a subjective personal relationship to the topic or subject of conversation;
- accumulative - the ability to cognize, preserve, accumulate and transmit information to the next generation;
- aesthetic - the ability to express thoughts in a brighter, fresh and unique form.
Linguists distinguish other narrower but less important hypostases and destinations of the language - ideological, nominative, reference, metalanguage, magical and others.
Forms of verbal communication
Human verbal behavior includes external and internal, oral and written speech. Inner speech is part of the thought process, it is quite specific and often expressed in the form of images and interpretations. When a person clearly determines for the meaning of his external speech, he has no need to formulate inner speech in completed sentences and sentences. Formulation and fixation of inner speech are necessary if difficulties arise in external communication.
External speech communication implies interpersonal communication in society. Its purpose is daily contacts and exchange of information with close, familiar, unfamiliar and completely outsiders. In this form, such qualities as personalization of self, targeting, ease, emotionality and a significant level of situability for adequate communication are important.
The forms of external speech include:
- Dialogue - conversation, conversation, oral exchange of information, considerations, opinions. Discussion of a topic between two or more people in a relaxed atmosphere with the opportunity to freely express their attitude and conclusions on the subject of conversation.
- Discussion is the exchange of opposing points of view in order to prove one's rightness to one person or group of people. Dispute as a method of revealing the true meaning or position is both one of the everyday situational types of communication, and the scientific method with
application of evidence base. - Monologue - different kinds of performances in front of an audience or an audience, when one person turns his speech to a large group of listeners. This method of communication is widely used in teaching in the form of lectures, as well as speeches at various meetings.
Verbal interference in communication can be of an age, psychological or lexical nature. So little children and people with complexes can not clearly explain their thoughts . A lexical interference means a weak language proficiency or a lack of knowledge to appeal to the interlocutor.