The ability to correctly and intelligibly expound their thoughts was valued at all times and among all peoples. Particularly well-known example of the art of eloquence of the Roman speaker Cicero - his speech against the Sicilian governor, aimed at exposing the entire cohort of sulky rulers are still studying in law schools. And in general oratorical art, which we have received the name "eloquence", originated in ancient Greece. Since then, the techniques of constant rhetoric are being updated, new areas of communication and corresponding types of eloquence are emerging, which should be discussed in more detail.
Types of eloquence
Each public statement has its own goal and occurs in different situations. Therefore, it is quite logical that each of the types of life events correspond to their own types of eloquence.
- Socio-political. This includes reports on political and economic topics, rallies, political reviews. When drawing up this kind of speech, you need to bet on facts, accurate indicators and data, topical social problems.
- Academic or scientific. It includes various scientific reports, reviews, lectures and reviews. A characteristic feature of this type is a high level of scientific speech, emotionality, brightness, visibility and accessibility of presentation.
- Judicial. These are speeches of lawyers and prosecutors in court, as well as defensive speeches of the accused. The main purpose of such statements is the formation of certain moral positions by the court in court, on the basis of which the verdict will be passed.
- Social and domestic. This form includes congratulations, condolences, "secular chirping". Here the style of speech is easy accessible, often using different speech cliches.
- Theological and spiritual (ecclesiastical). This section includes sermons and speeches at the cathedrals. Feature is the presence of an educational element and appeal to the inner world of man.
- Diplomatic. Here we mean strict observance of diplomatic etiquette, strict norms in personal communication and correspondence.
- Military. These include military appeals, orders, as well as regulations, radio communications and military memoirs.
- Pedagogical. This kind of eloquence consists of the explanations of the teacher, speeches of the students and their written works.
- Dialogues with yourself. Here we mean inner speech, preparation for the performance, reflections, memories and rehearsals.
At the moment these are all kinds of eloquence, but as the spheres of communication develop, more and more new ones will be allocated. For example, now correspondence in social networks, chat rooms and forums of Internet resources already claims a separate section of rhetoric.
How to learn eloquence?
Well ancient Greeks, their young men were taught rhetoric, but we have to comprehend the science of eloquence ourselves. No, of course, there are people who have "the language well-suspended," but most of us have difficulty with public speaking. To remedy this situation and improve the quality of daily communication, it is necessary to make serious efforts.
But how to learn to shine with eloquence, what exactly do you need to do? This problem has 2 solutions - go to courses or training, where professionals will take your training into their own hands, or try to master this difficult science. If the second option is preferable for you, then it is necessary to observe the following rules in preparation for the performance.
- If there is such an opportunity, find out in more detail what kind of audience will be in front of you. Knowing who makes up the bulk, you can adjust your speech so that it is exactly interesting to listeners. Agree, the use of youth slang during the scientific report is justified only if you are speaking to young people far from science, professionals such reception will be hostile.
- The ability to improvise, the ability is valuable, but sometimes due to strong excitement, our own resourcefulness leads us, so in such a case it is better to have a drafted speech plan. It means the plan, not the text of speech. That is, you need to highlight the main points of your speech, keywords, determine when you will be asking about something. Also it is worth taking care of
visual materials - graphs, diagrams, tables, and do not forget at the end of the speech to repeat its main idea. - A watch report will not be attended by every interested listener, so try to be concise, use clear and understandable phrases, rather than lengthy reasoning.
Remember, rhetoric is not only the ability to express your thoughts, but also the ability to make them understandable to the public. That is, you need to learn how to infect your audience with your ideas. To do this, you need a voice and a developed facial expression, so that with their help you can make the presentation of the text emotional, and therefore closer to the public.