In translation from the Greek, the archetype is a "prototype". The theory of archetypes was developed by the disciple of the great Z. Freud Karl Gustav Jung. He reworked psychoanalysis and as a result a whole complex of complex ideas emerged, based on philosophy, psychology, literature, mythology and other fields of knowledge. What is the concept of archetype - in this article.
Archetype - what is it?
It is understood as universal basic congenital personality structures, which determine the needs of a person, his feelings, thoughts and behavior. Archetype is a collective unconscious , inherited from ancestors through folklore. Everyone chooses his partner in accordance with his archetype, he likes it, brings up children, etc. Having an idea of this innate structure of personality, the therapist can help a person get rid of complexes and even change the scenario of his life.
Archetypes of Jung
Between the archetypes, the protruding elements of psychostructures, and the mythological images that are products of primitive consciousness, there is a direct link. First, the author conducted an analogy, then an identity, and then expressed the idea that one generates another. The archetypes of Jung belong to the whole human race and are inherited. Primitive images are concentrated in the deep unconscious, beyond the boundaries of the personality.
Their emotional richness and clarity determine the talents of a person, his creative potential. In his works, Jung resorts to an analysis of the myths of the peoples of the world. Later, he uses an archetype to designate the universal fundamental (mythological) motifs underlying any kind of structure. A special place in his theoretical system was assigned to "mask", "anime", "shadow", "self". Many were identified by the author with the heroes of literary works. "Shade" is Mephistopheles Goethe in "Faust", "Wise old man" is Zarathushtra in Nietzsche.
Archetype of the wise
He is also called a thinker, for which the spiritual is more important than the material. The sage is calm and collected, concentrated. For him, asceticism and simplicity are important. Archetypes of personality have a certain color range, so for a wise man these are achromatic, colorless shades. Outwardly philosophers may seem cold and unsociable people, but this is not so. Simply they prefer to useless conversations and entertainment activities, the search for truth. They always experiment, learn something new, create and with their wise advice help everyone.
Archetype Animus
This is one of the archetypes of gender - the female component of the psyche of a man. This Jungian archetype expresses the feelings, moods and impulses of a man, his emotions. In it all female psychological tendencies are concentrated - quickly changing mood, prophetic influx, ability to fall in love once and for all life. Jung said about the anime as a readiness for a jump. A few years ago, men, obsessed with anime, called animatous. These are irritable, impulsive and easily excitable representatives of the stronger sex, the psyche of which reacts to the stimulus inadequately to its strength.
Archetype Animus
The second archetype of gender is the male component of the psyche of a woman. This archetype for Jung produces an opinion, while the animation is a mood. Often, solid beliefs of women are not specifically substantiated, but if she has decided something ... The positive animus is responsible for the woman's insight, her commitment to all creeds. And the negative can push it to a reckless act. This archetype lies in the masculinity underlying the woman. And the more feminine the representative of the weaker sex looks, the stronger the animus in it.
The latter can take on the functions and collective conscience. The opinions of the animus are always collective and stand above individual judgments. This kind of "judicial collegium" of the archetype is the personification of the animus. He and the reformer, under the influence of which a woman weaves unfamiliar words into her speech, uses the expressions "well-known", "so do all", drawing knowledge from books, overheard conversations, etc. Her intellectual reasoning can easily turn into absurdity.
Archetype of the Self
Jung considered him to be the main archetype - the archetype of the integrity of personality, centeredness. It unites the conscious and the unconscious, normalizing the balance of the opposing elements of the psyche. Discovering the archetypes of man and exploring other personality structures, Jung discovered this primitive self, considering it all-inclusive. It is a symbol of dynamic equilibrium and the agreement of opposites. The self can manifest itself in dreams as an insignificant image. In most people, it is not developed and they do not know anything about it.
Shadow Archetype
Jung calls him "anti-I". These are those traits of character that a person does not recognize and does not want to see. The archetype of the shadow according to Jung is a dark, evil, animal side of the personality, which the bearer suppresses. This concerns unacceptable passions and thoughts, aggressive actions. This example has this archetype: if the dominant function is a sensual person inclined to strong emotions, then his shadow will be a thinking type that at the most unexpected moment can manifest itself as a devil out of a snuffbox.
The shadow grows as one grows up and becomes aware of it, everyone begins to understand about himself in the decline of his life. To deal with the shadow can be by individual confession and in this respect very lucky Catholics, in the confession of which there is such a phenomenon. Everyone should understand and understand that at any moment he is ready for bad behavior and aspirations.
Archetype person
In simple terms, it is a mask that a person wears to perform a certain role. Types of archetypes distinguish a person as a part of the psyche, facing outward and serving the tasks of adaptation. The mask is characterized by collectivity, therefore it is an element of the collective psyche. The person acts as a certain compromise between the individual and the society. Putting on a mask, a person is easier to interact with others. Those who have not developed a person are called reckless sociopaths. But the reverse situation is undesirable, since it destroys the individuality of a person.
Archetype God
The follower of the Jungian doctrine is Gene Shinoda Bohlen, who studied female and male archetypes in mythology. To the masculine archetypal images she attributed the following Gods:
- Zeus - strong-willed and powerful, self-confident .
- Hades - quiet and mysterious, detached.
- Apollo - mature and rational, with common sense.
- Hephaestus is hardworking and strong.
- Dionysus - entrenched and non-conflicting.
Types of archetypes according to Jung among the Gods-women are:
- Artemis is strong and risky. She does not tolerate restrictions.
- Athena is wise and strong-willed, capable of rejecting emotions and analyzing only facts.
- Aphrodite is sensual and tender.
- Tyuf - contradictory, striving to embrace the vast, but at the same time unable to provide the consequences of their actions.
- Hecate is a great hoaxer. Those who are predisposed to this type often engage in occult practices.
Each person combines two or three or more archetypes. They compete with each other, they prevail one over the other, controlling their carrier, determining the scope of their interests, the direction of their activity, their adherence to certain ideals. These Gods are possible patterns of behavior, but much will depend on the upbringing, the ability of a person to adapt, meet and meet the expectations of others.
Jung is the mother's archetype
This is the evil of all things and the beginning of all things. This archetype of psychology especially distinguishes, because in any psychotherapeutic process, this figure necessarily pops up. At the same time, it can manifest itself as matter and then its bearer will have problems in dealing with things. If the archetype affects the family and social ties, then any violations of this aspect will manifest itself in the difficulties of adaptation, communication. Well, the last third phenomenon of the womb determines the ability of the carrier to conceive, bear and give birth, or the opportunity to finish the job.
Child Archetype
This archetype in psychology is called Divine. And all because it contains all the power of the spirit, the whole strength of nature and the collective unconscious. On the one hand, a defenseless child can be destroyed by anyone, but on the other, it is characterized by tremendous vitality. The consciousness of the bearer may be torn apart by various opposing tendencies, but the flashing archetype of the child unites them.
Witch's archetype by Jung
This is the most instinctive prototype, symbolizing the need for knowledge and knowledge. Such a woman may be interested in the secrets of being, religion and esotericism. She surrounds herself with charms, carries amulets and often tattoos. For carriers of such an archetype, highly developed intuition is characteristic. Examples of Jung archetypes include Mary Poppins. This prototype was demonstrated in the movie "Muse". So they call the light side of the witch. The dark side is manifested in the ability to intrigue and seduce, cunning, guide, evoke a desire.
The archetype of the jester by Jung
This is a creative thinking archetype, professing an unconventional view of things. The theory of archetypes includes many prototypes, but only this one teaches us to easily treat life without thinking about what others think. Fool as a ray of light in the absurdity of the modern world and the faceless everyday bureaucratic routine. He brings chaos into an orderly world and makes the dream come true. It is characterized by impulsiveness and spontaneity, playfulness, which a person could afford only in childhood.
The fool's archetype helps people to go dry out of the water, get out of the most difficult situations. They are open and friendly, and are able to turn even the most routine and boring work into a creative process, to bring a touch of excitement and fun. A striking example is Semyon Semyonovich in the film "The Diamond Arm". Charlie Chaplin and funny girl Tosya from the movie "Girls" are also bright representatives of the jester.