Correct pruning allows to form the growth of tree branches, its crown, allows to increase the yield. Timing of pruning fruit trees also significantly affect the harvest and development of the garden. Consider the basic rules of correct pruning of fruit trees and several of its variants.
Pruning of fruit trees in spring
There are several methods of spring pruning fruit trees. All of them are based on one principle: with a strong shortening of shoots, all buds that are located below the cut start to wake up and thus new lateral shoots are formed.
There is also a second variant of pruning fruit trees in the spring. The cut on the ring is based on a different principle. The fact is that most of the branches have an annular roller at the base (an influx), along it, and pruning trees. The cut that is done on the influx always overcomes very evenly and does not cause problems. This method helps to avoid excessive growth of the tree crown. Consider the technique of cutting fruit trees by this method. With the help of an acute pruner we cut the kidney: we move from the tip of the kidney to the axis of the branch at an angle of 45 degrees. In the summer, it is necessary to vaccinate the tips of shoots.
Pruning of fruit trees in the spring implies the absence of hemp. All sections, which have a diameter of more than 1 cm, must be treated with a special antiseptic. Garden var or paint in this case it is better not to use. Pruning begins in April-March, before the buds begin to unfold. This promotes active growth and good fruit bearing of the tree. If there are very large branches, they should be shortened to avoid overloading fruits.
Pruning of fruit trees in winter
Pruning fruit trees in the winter is a more complex and painstaking process. But since the plant is in a state of rest, pruning causes the least damage to it and is the most favorable.
Begin work should be from the most mature fruit trees. They have fruit buds wake up earlier than leaf buds. The most frost-resistant trees are apple-trees, they should be started from them, followed by trimming pears and plums. At work it is necessary to use only the pure tool, well sharpened, it will allow to avoid freezing of the wounded places. The cut location is treated with garden paint or paint.
Often, the preparation of soil plays an important role in pruning fruit trees in winter. A reasonable irrigation regime and competent fertilization after harvesting are important. If there is a lot of nitrogen in the soil, this slows down the process of plant transition into a state of rest. Then the aging of the cambium for the healing process becomes difficult.
Autumn pruning of fruit trees
In autumn, pruning is carried out only in the southern regions, where there are no too long and cold winters. The appropriate period for this is September-October. There are several types of such trimming.
Decimation helps to improve the air supply of plants. Young trees should be cut enough once a year until the crown is formed. On the trunk only a few basic branches are left, evenly distributed. For adult plants, thinning is done twice a year.
The method of shortening helps to control the growth of branches. It also stimulates fruiting and development of lateral branches. When trimming, only the upper part of the branch is removed to the kidney, where the branch begins to grow in the desired direction. Very important is the shortening for seedlings of two-year-olds. The central branch should be cut at a distance of 25 cm from the upper kidney, and all the lateral ones by 35 cm from the outer kidneys.