Spirometry analysis is a study of the function of breathing, in which specialists determine its volume and speed. Such a study is necessary for the diagnosis of diseases, one way or another associated with impaired respiratory function, or insufficient oxygen exchange in the body.
Types of spirometry
Today there are 4 types of spirometric samples:
- functional tests, which use special medications - bronchodilators, removing bronchospasm.
- a test of calm breathing;
- forced exhalation test;
- maximum ventilation test.
For the sample use a special device - a spirometer, which allows you to measure the amount of air that comes from the lungs. It is used for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the respiratory system, which is a necessary stage for the identification and treatment of certain diseases.
Contraindications and goals of spirometry of the lungs
This method of examination has no limitations on the age parameters and has no contraindications.
It is believed that spirometry should be carried out by all smokers, at least once a year, in order to monitor the state of the respiratory system and, if necessary, detect the disturbance in time.
Spirometry can detect lung diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and learn the proper breathing technique .
This method allows you to detect bronchial asthma , obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as sarcoidosis.
Spirometry
For the procedure use a spirometer, which graphically records the volume of inhaled and exhaled air. To maintain the sterility of the procedure, the device is allocated in each case a disposable mouthpiece.
First, the patient is asked to take a deep breath and hold his breath, after which you need to snuggle tightly to the mouthpiece, and then exhale smoothly and calmly recruited air. In chronic lung diseases, this procedure can take 15 seconds. After the exhalation is completed, the patient is asked to take a deep breath, hold his breath and exhale the breath with effort.
In the first case, quiet breathing is measured, and in the second - the exhalation force.
For the accuracy of the data, this procedure is carried out three times and the averaged index is output.
Decoding spirometry
Spirometry has several indicators:
- LIVED - vital capacity of the lungs;
- FVC - with forced exhalation, the difference between the air volume in the lungs at the beginning and end of the exhalation is calculated;
- FEV1 - expiratory volume in the first second;
- PIC - exhalation rate;
- MOS - the speed of air movement during expiration.
Standards of spirometry
The following indicators are determined for the LEL parameter, which are output in percentages:
- norm - more than 90%;
- conditional norm - 85-90%;
- moderate deviations - 70-84%;
- significant deviations - 50-69%;
- sharp deviations - less than 50%.
For the FEV1 parameter, the following metrics are displayed as a percentage:
- norm - more than 85%;
- conditional norm - 75-85%;
- moderate deviations - 55-74%;
- significant deviations - 35-54%;
- sharp deviations - less than 35%.
These limits were derived by L.Schick and N.Kanaev in 1980.